Insect-plant relationships
Top-down effects on plant-pollinator interactions
Tom Reader and Francis Gilbert, in collaboration with Andy Higginson and many students on the behavioural ecology field course,
have been studying the effects of predation on foraging behaviour
in bees. We have found that crab spiders (Araneae: Thomosidae) have a
significant influence on the likelihood that honeybees ( Apis mellifera)
will visit habitat patches and individual flowers. Bees are able to
detect spiders even when they cannot see them, suggesting that
olfactory interactions between spiders and bees can impact on plant
pollination. Honeybee responses to increases in predation risk do
simply involve avoidance of risky flowers or patches. We have shown
that bees become more "fussy" about the quality of the flowers that
they visit when they perceive that they are at risk. Modelling work by
Andy Higginson has shown that this is likely to be a result of a
general trade-off between energy intake and mortality.
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